Connector built, not scheduledWho is paid to ask for what
Somebody is being paid to change a specific law. Who, for whom, about what, and for how much?
The law that makes this public
The Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995, as amended in 2007
2 U.S.C. Β§ 1601 et seq.; Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110-81
A registered lobbyist files a quarterly report naming the client, the issues, the chambers and agencies contacted, and the income or expenses for the quarter. Certain political contributions are reported separately twice a year.
What it can tell you
- Which organisation hired which firm, and what they were paid that quarter
- Which specific bill numbers and issue areas were named in the filing
- Which chamber and which federal agencies were contacted
- Which individual lobbyists worked the account, and whether they previously held a covered federal position
What it cannot
- What was actually said in any meeting β the filing names the subject, never the argument
- Whether the lobbying worked. Nothing in the record connects a filing to an outcome, and a tracker that implies otherwise is inventing causation.
- Anything about activity that falls under the registration thresholds, which is a large and unmeasured share of the total
The hard part: The reported figure is a floor and not a total. The Act only captures activity above its registration thresholds, and work that stops short of a direct lobbying contact β strategy, coalition-building, research produced for someone else to deliver β frequently is not reportable at all. A quarterly number that looks small can sit on top of a far larger effort that the statute never asked about.
New data: Quarterly, with filing deadlines twenty days after each quarter ends
Go to /lobbying β
Connector built, not scheduledWhat actually became law
A bill passed. What does it actually do, to whom, starting when, and what is argued about it?
The law that makes this public
The Presentment Clause, and the statutes requiring publication
U.S. Const. art. I, Β§ 7, cl. 2; 1 U.S.C. Β§ 112 (Statutes at Large); 44 U.S.C. ch. 15
A measure passed by both chambers and presented to the President becomes law on signature, on a veto override by two thirds of each chamber, or by lapse. Every enacted law is assigned a public law number and published in full.
What it can tell you
- The full enacted text, the public law number, and the date it took effect
- Every recorded vote, by member, in both chambers
- Which committee handled it and what changed between introduction and enactment
- The Congressional Budget Office cost estimate, where one was produced
What it cannot
- How it will actually work. Most statutes delegate the operative details to an agency, and those details arrive later as rules.
- What it will cost in reality β a CBO estimate is a projection, published as one, and is not an outcome
- Whether it was a good idea. That is a policy judgement and it is not ours to publish.
The hard part: Enactment is the middle of the story, not the end. The provision that changes your life is usually written by an agency months later, in a rule with a public comment window that almost nobody uses. A tracker that stops at 'signed into law' hands the reader the least consequential half.
New data: Continuous while Congress is in session
Go to /bills β
Connector built, not scheduledPublic money to private companies
Public money went to a company. Which company, how much, from which agency, under what programme, and who is auditing it?
The law that makes this public
The federal spending transparency statutes
Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006, Pub. L. 109-282; DATA Act of 2014, Pub. L. 113-101; Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (TARP); Dodd-Frank Act of 2010, Β§ 1103 (Federal Reserve facility disclosure)
Federal awards β contracts, grants, loans, and direct payments β are published at the award level with recipient, amount, agency, and date. Emergency programmes have carried their own dedicated oversight bodies and reporting duties.
What it can tell you
- Award-level records: who received it, how much, from which agency, under which programme, on what date
- Which inspector general or oversight body is responsible, and what they have already published
- What the Government Accountability Office found when it audited the programme
- For emergency facilities, the terms disclosed under the statute that created them
What it cannot
- Tax expenditures. A deduction, credit, or exclusion moves enormous sums and appears in no award database at all.
- The full exposure of a loan guarantee, which is a contingent liability rather than an outlay
- Whether any of it was deserved, wise, or well-spent
The hard part: The biggest transfers are frequently not awards. Tax provisions, loan guarantees, and central bank facilities are three separate systems with three separate disclosure regimes, and none of them shows up in an award search. Anyone who searches usaspending.gov for a company name and reports the total as what that company received has systematically understated it β and will not know by how much.
New data: Continuous, with award data typically appearing within weeks
Go to /tax-dollar β
Connector built, not scheduledTrades and timing
A member of Congress traded a stock. What, when, in what bracket, was the filing on time, and does the committee they sit on touch that industry?
Why this is not called βinsider tradingβ
Insider trading is a crime. Attaching it to a named living person who filed a lawful disclosure imputes criminal conduct to them, which is the classic shape of defamation per se, and it would be aimed at precisely the people best resourced to sue. It is also inaccurate on its face: a periodic transaction report is evidence that somebody disclosed a trade.
What we publish: The disclosure record itself. The asset, the date, the reported bracket, whether the statutory deadline was met, and the member's committee assignments alongside it.
Why that is the stronger version: A verdict we have no standing to render is one a reader can wave away. A filing date sitting next to a committee assignment is not waveable, and the reader reaches their own conclusion β which is the conclusion that actually persuades them.
The law that makes this public
The STOCK Act, on top of the Ethics in Government Act
Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act of 2012, Pub. L. 112-105; Ethics in Government Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95-521
A covered official files a periodic transaction report for a covered securities transaction no later than thirty days after being notified of it, and in no event later than forty-five days after the transaction. Annual financial disclosures are filed and published separately.
What it can tell you
- That a transaction was disclosed: the asset, the type, and the transaction date
- The reported value bracket, which is a range rather than a figure
- Whether the filing met the statutory deadline, which is arithmetic on two published dates
- Which committees and subcommittees the filer sits on, from the public roster
What it cannot
- Whether anyone traded on material non-public information. That is a criminal question with elements only a prosecution can establish, and nothing in a disclosure form speaks to it.
- The actual amount. Values are reported in wide brackets and the true figure sits somewhere inside one.
- Who decided. Filings cover a spouse's and dependent children's holdings, and many are executed by a manager under an arrangement the filer does not direct.
The hard part: A late filing is a documented fact and it carries a statutory late-filing fee. It is not evidence of anything beyond itself, and reporting it as though it were is the exact move that turns a transparency record into an accusation. The discipline that makes this beat publishable is the same one that makes it credible: we state the record, we place it next to the committee assignment, and we stop.
New data: Rolling, as periodic transaction reports are filed and published
Go to /politicians β